Chaturanga

Chaturanga (Sanskrit for 'four limbs' — a reference to the four divisions of the ancient Indian army: infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariotry) is the earliest known predecessor of modern chess. Developed in Gupta-era India around the 6th century CE, it spread west via Persian shatranj to become European chess, and east to become Xiangqi, Shogi, Makruk and Janggi.