Cuju
Ancient Chinese kicking game recognised by FIFA as the earliest known form of football — hit a small hole in a raised net.
👥12 per team🌤outdoor
What is Cuju?
Cuju ("kick ball") is an ancient Chinese team ball sport documented since the Han dynasty. It is officially recognised by FIFA as the earliest known form of football. Players kicked a leather ball stuffed with feathers or hair through a small hole in a raised silk net. The Song dynasty formalised professional leagues, referees and player standards.
Quick facts
Category
Traditional & Cultural Sports
Type
Team sport
Players
12 per team
Where played
outdoor
Country of origin
🇨🇳 China
Estimated origin
Han-dynasty China (~206 BCE)
Olympic
No
Popularity
niche
Sources & provenance
Last verified 2026-08-24.verified