Cuju

Ancient Chinese kicking game recognised by FIFA as the earliest known form of football — hit a small hole in a raised net.

👥12 per team🌤outdoor

What is Cuju?

Cuju ("kick ball") is an ancient Chinese team ball sport documented since the Han dynasty. It is officially recognised by FIFA as the earliest known form of football. Players kicked a leather ball stuffed with feathers or hair through a small hole in a raised silk net. The Song dynasty formalised professional leagues, referees and player standards.

Quick facts

Category

Traditional & Cultural Sports

Type

Team sport

Players

12 per team

Where played

outdoor

Country of origin

🇨🇳 China

Estimated origin

Han-dynasty China (~206 BCE)

Olympic

No

Popularity

niche

Sources & provenance

Last verified 2026-08-24.verified