Shatranj

Shatranj is the medieval Persian version of chess, derived from Indian chaturanga and carried across the Islamic world from the 7th century onwards. It uses an 8×8 board and pieces broadly matching modern chess, but the queen ('firzan') moves only one diagonal square and the bishop ('alfil') jumps two diagonally. The game shaped medieval European chess before the Renaissance rule reforms made the queen and bishop into powerhouses.